Kala soocidda saliidda iyo gaasta waxay si fiican u kordhisaa farsamooyinka wax soo saarka

Saliida iyo gaaska waxay kordhiyaan tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka waa cabbir farsamo si kor loogu qaado awoodda wax soo saarka ceelasha saliidda (oo ay ku jiraan ceelasha gaaska) iyo awoodda nuugista biyaha ee ceelasha duritaanka biyaha. Hababka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah jabka hawo-biyoodka iyo daawaynta aashitada, marka lagu daro qaraxyada godka hoose, daawaynta dareeraha, iwm.

1) Habka jabinta Haydarooliga

Jajabka Hydraulic wuxuu ku lug leeyahay duritaanka dheecaanka dillaacsan ee sare ee ceelka mugga weyn ee ka sarreeya awoodda nuugista ee samaynta, taas oo kordhinaysa cadaadiska godka hoose iyo jabinta samaynta. Iyada oo cirbadeynta joogtada ah ee dareeraha jaban, jabku wuxuu sii fidiyaa qoto dheer oo ku saabsan samaynta. Qaddar gaar ah oo faafiye ah (badanaa ciid) waa in lagu daraa dareeraha dillaaca si looga hortago in jabku xidhmo ka dib marka bamka la joojiyo. Jajabka ay ka buuxaan proppant waxay beddelaan qaabka seepage ee saliidda iyo gaasta samaynta, kordhiyaan aagga seesage, yareeyaan caabbinta socodka, iyo laba jibaar wax soo saarka ee ceelka saliidda. "Gaaska Shale", oo aad caan ugu ah warshadaha saliida caalamiga ah dhawaan, ayaa ka faa'iideysanaya horumarka degdega ah ee tignoolajiyada jabinta hydraulic!

2) Daawaynta aashitada si fiican saliidda

Daawaynta aashitada si fiican ee saliiddu waxay u qaybsantaa laba qaybood: daawaynta aashitada hydrochloric ee samaynta dhagaxyada kaarboonaydhka iyo daawaynta asiidhka ciidda ee samaynta dhagaxa ciid. Caadi ahaan loo yaqaan acidification.

► Daawaynta aashitada Hydrochloric ee samaynta dhagaxa karbonate: Dhagaxyada kaarbonate-ka ah sida limestone iyo dolomite waxa ay la falgalaan hydrochloric acid si ay u abuuraan kaalshiyam chloride ama chloride magnesium oo si fudud ugu milmay biyaha, taas oo kordhisa joogteynta samaynta oo si wax ku ool ah u wanaajisa awoodda wax soo saarka ceelasha saliidda. . Marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulka samaynta, hydrochloric acid waxay si dhakhso ah uga falcelisaa dhagaxyada, inteeda badanna waxaa lagu cunaa meel u dhow gunta ceelka oo aan si qoto dheer u gelin lakabka saliidda, taas oo saameynaysa saameynta aysiidhka.

► Daawaynta aysiidhka carrada ee samaynta dhagaxa-cammuudda: Qaybaha macdanta ugu muhiimsan ee dhagaxa-cammuudda waa quartz iyo feldspar. Sibidhyadu waxay u badan yihiin silicates (sida dhoobada) iyo karbohaydraytyada, kuwaas oo labaduba ku milma acid hydrofluoric. Si kastaba ha noqotee, ka dib falcelinta u dhaxaysa hydrofluoric acid iyo carbonates, roobabka fluoride calcium ayaa dhici doona, taas oo aan ku habooneyn soo saarista saliidda iyo ceelasha gaaska. Guud ahaan, sandstone waxaa lagu daaweeyaa 8-12% hydrochloric acid oo lagu daray 2-4% hydrofluoric acid oo lagu qaso aashitada ciidda si looga fogaado roobka kaalshiyamka fluoride. Isku-duubnaanta aashitada hydrofluoric ee ku jirta aashitada ciidda waa inaysan noqon mid aad u sareysa si looga fogaado inay waxyeeleyso dhismaha dhagax-cammuudda oo ay keento shilalka soosaarka ciidda. Si looga hortago falcelinta xun ee u dhexeeya calcium iyo ion magnesium ee samaynta iyo hydrofluoric acid iyo sababo kale, samaynta waa in lagu sii daaweeyaa hydrochloric acid ka hor inta aan la durin acid ciidda. Baaxadda daawaynta ka hor waa in ay ka weyn tahay daawaynta aashitada ciidda. Tignoolajiyada aashitada ciidda ee dhabta ah ayaa la sameeyay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay. Methyl formate iyo ammonium fluoride ayaa loo isticmaalaa si ay uga falceliyaan samaynta si ay u abuuraan acid hydrofluoric, kaas oo ka shaqeeya gudaha lakabka saliidda heerkulka sare ee ceelasha qoto dheer si loo hagaajiyo saamaynta daaweynta acid ciidda. Markaa kor loo qaado awoodda wax-soo-saarka ceelasha shidaalka.